Understanding Teepa Snow's Positive Approach to Dementia
Staci Tripolsky • July 9, 2024
As professionals in the senior living industry, we are often tasked with the difficult challenge of caring for individuals with dementia. It can be easy to become frustrated or discouraged when faced with the daily struggles that come with caring for these individuals. However, there is a positive approach to dementia care that has been gaining recognition in recent years: the Teepa Snow approach. In this article, we discuss into the principles of Teepa Snow's approach and how we can incorporate them into our own care practices.
What is the Teepa Snow Approach?
Teepa Snow is an occupational therapist who has dedicated her career to studying and improving dementia care. Her approach focuses on the idea that every person with dementia is still unique and capable of experiencing joy and love, despite their cognitive decline. The Teepa Snow approach emphasizes the importance of treating individuals with dementia as whole persons and focusing on their remaining abilities.
The GEMS Model of Understanding
One of the key components of the Teepa Snow approach is the GEMS model of understanding. This model categorizes individuals with dementia into six different stages or "gems," each with their unique strengths and challenges. The GEMS model helps caregivers to identify the stage that the individual with dementia is in and tailor their care approach accordingly. By respecting the individual's current abilities and limitations, caregivers can connect with them on a more personal level.
Positive Physical Approach (PPA)
Another aspect of the Teepa Snow approach is Positive Physical Approach (PPA). This approach emphasizes the importance of using non-verbal communication and body language to convey respect and understanding to individuals with dementia. By approaching individuals with dementia in a gentle and non-threatening way, caregivers can build trust and establish a positive relationship.
Hand-under-Hand® Technique
An extension of PPA, the hand-under-hand® technique involves using a gentle hand placement to guide individuals with dementia through daily tasks. By providing physical support as needed, caregivers can help individuals with dementia maintain their independence for as long as possible. The hand-under-hand® technique is also a way of communicating respect and understanding for the person with dementia.
Incorporating the Teepa Snow Approach into Our Care Practices
The principles of the Teepa Snow approach can be incorporated into any care setting and can be adapted to fit individual needs. By using the GEMS model to tailor care approaches, practicing PPA and the hand-under-hand® technique, and focusing on the remaining abilities of individuals with dementia, we can provide a more holistic and positive care experience.
Conclusion:
The Teepa Snow approach is an empowering and positive way of caring for individuals with dementia. By focusing on the individual's remaining abilities and tailoring care approaches to their unique needs, we can provide a more holistic and fulfilling care experience. Incorporating the principles of the Teepa Snow approach into our daily practices can help us stay positive and engaged in our work, and ultimately improve the quality of life for those living with dementia. We hope this article has provided a useful introduction to the Teepa Snow approach and inspired you to explore this positive approach to dementia care.
In the world of senior care, leadership is not defined by titles or organizational charts. It’s defined by the daily decisions we make. Especially the ones rooted in compassion. As an Executive Director of a senior living community, I’ve learned that effective leadership isn’t about overseeing systems or enforcing policies, it’s about serving people. And in this unique environment, where residents, families, and staff often face emotional, personal, and physical challenges, leadership must come from the heart first. Compassion Is the Core of Our Work You cannot lead in assisted living without compassion. It simply doesn’t work. Every day, I’m reminded that the people in our care aren’t just aging... they’re living the later chapters of their lives, and how we support them determines whether those chapters are marked by comfort, dignity, and joy. That responsibility isn’t something I take lightly. Leading with compassion means slowing down to listen to a resident’s story, even when the schedule is tight. It means comforting a team member who’s just lost a resident they’ve bonded with for years. It means showing up with empathy when a family is processing the guilt of moving their loved one out of their home. Servant Leadership in Action My approach is rooted in servant leadership. The belief that my role is not to command, but to support. When I walk through the building, I’m not inspecting; I’m engaging. I’m asking staff how they’re doing, helping a resident find their reading glasses, or checking in with a family member who looked a little overwhelmed during a recent visit. I believe people will rise to the expectations you set but only if they feel seen, safe, and supported. Whether it’s a housekeeper, CNA, dietary aide, or nurse, every single team member plays a role in the resident experience. My job is to ensure they’re equipped not only with the tools to do their jobs but with the emotional resilience and encouragement to do it well. Setting the Tone Every Day Culture starts at the top. If I come in rushed, frustrated, or distant, that energy spreads. If I show up with positivity, patience, and presence, that does too. As leaders, we have to be intentional about the tone we set. And in assisted living, where the work can be physically and emotionally demanding, that tone matters more than most people realize. Compassionate leadership looks like: • Making time for reflection after the loss of a resident. • Celebrating birthdays and milestones (not just for residents, but for staff). • Providing grace when someone is struggling and resources when someone is burned out. • Leading meetings that include both updates and appreciation. Balancing Heart with Accountability Compassion doesn’t mean lack of structure. In fact, true compassionate leadership holds people accountable — not from a place of criticism, but from care. When I have to address performance or redirect behavior, I do so with transparency and kindness. I remind my team that accountability is part of respect; for each other, for our residents, and for the standards we commit to as caregivers. A compassionate leader creates a space where staff feel safe admitting mistakes, asking for help, or even saying, “I’m having a hard day.” Why It Matters So Much At the end of the day, leadership in senior living isn’t just about managing a building, it’s about stewarding a community of people through some of life’s most tender transitions. Families are trusting us with their most vulnerable loved ones. Residents are trusting us to treat them with dignity and humanity. And staff are trusting us to lead in a way that honors the emotional labor of caregiving. That trust must be earned, nurtured, and protected, every day. Final Thoughts To anyone considering a leadership role in senior care, I offer this: Lead with compassion. Let it guide your decisions, shape your conversations, and fuel your commitment to creating a space that feels like home. Because in this field, people will remember how you made them feel far more than what your title was or how many reports you filed. And that, to me, is the true heart of leadership in assisted living.
When most people hear the term care plan, they think of checkboxes, schedules, and clinical tasks. And yes — care plans absolutely provide structure, medical oversight, and safety. But as an Executive Director in a senior living community, I’ve come to believe that a truly effective care plan must do more than meet medical needs. It must honor the whole person. Our residents are not charts. They’re not diagnoses. They are individuals — with life stories, preferences, routines, quirks, and emotional needs. And our responsibility is not just to care for them, but to care about them. The Limits of a Standardized Approach Regulations require that we assess residents and build care plans accordingly. These assessments look at ADLs (Activities of Daily Living), medication schedules, mobility concerns, cognitive status, and safety risks. And that’s important. These pieces are the backbone of physical care. But they are not the heart of it. If we stop there, we miss the opportunity to elevate care from competent to compassionate. We reduce our residents to conditions — instead of honoring them as people who’ve lived full lives, with unique needs, rhythms, and preferences. Starting with the Right Questions When we meet a new resident, we go beyond, “Do you need help getting dressed?” We ask: • What time of day do you usually like to wake up? • Are you more social in the mornings or evenings? • What foods bring you comfort? • How do you like your coffee or tea? • Do you enjoy music? If so, what kind? • Is there a routine or habit you’d like to maintain here? These questions help us see the person. When we know that Mrs. Alvarez loves old jazz or that Mr. Bennett takes pride in shaving himself each morning, that insight shapes how we approach every interaction. Care Is Personal — and So Is Dignity There is enormous dignity in being known. When a caregiver enters a room and says, “Good morning, I brought your favorite cardigan,” or when a dining aide remembers that a resident likes toast slightly burnt — that’s not just service. That’s respect. It tells the resident: “You matter. We see you.” In an environment where people have already given up so much — their homes, their independence, sometimes even their memories — the ability to retain a sense of identity is everything. Team-Wide Collaboration Is Key Personalized care doesn’t happen in isolation. It takes a village. Our caregivers, nurses, activities directors, dining staff, and even maintenance crew all play a role in understanding and supporting residents’ routines and preferences. We share stories and observations during daily huddles. We document changes in behavior that might signal emotional distress, not just physical decline. We celebrate the “small wins” — a resident trying an old hobby again or opening up to someone new. That level of teamwork requires strong communication, trust, and a shared culture of compassion. But when it clicks — you can feel the difference. Personalization Isn’t a Luxury. It’s the Standard. Sometimes, outsiders think of personalized care as a premium service — something extra. I disagree. In our community, it’s the standard. It’s our baseline expectation. Why? Because the residents we serve are at a stage in life where many things feel out of their control. Illness, age, and circumstance have already taken so much. By giving back even a few elements of choice and familiarity, we restore a vital sense of control and comfort. That’s not a luxury — that’s humanity. Families Feel It Too When families see their loved one being treated as an individual — not a task or routine — something shifts. They relax. They trust us. They start to believe that maybe, just maybe, this is the right place after all. And that trust becomes the foundation for strong family partnerships — which only deepens the quality of care. Final Thoughts A personalized care plan is not a document — it’s a philosophy. It’s a commitment to treat each resident not just as someone receiving care, but as someone living in our shared community. As an Executive Director, I hold this philosophy close. I advocate for it in every staff meeting, every new hire orientation, and every care conference. Because I’ve seen the difference it makes — not just in clinical outcomes, but in quality of life. Our job is to care deeply, not just correctly. And when we do, our residents feel it in every interaction, every routine, every day.
